Articles & FAQs

Kominka Relocation & Rebuilding FAQs

FAQs about how we coordinate the process of disassembling, redesigning, relocating, and rebuilding a kominka or other structure overseas

Articles about kominka & their preservation

Short articles about kominka & their preservation, relocating & rebuilding a kominka overseas, and finding, renovating, and using a kominka for residential, commercial, or other purposes in Japan

FAQs about Relocating a Reclaimed Kominka

What types of support does the Kominka Collective provide?

We are privileged to be part of a wide network of individuals and organizations across Japan dedicated to preserving kominka. As such, we can assist with locating a kominka, coordinating its disassembly, cleaning, and repairs (if necessary), as well as packing and shipping the structure and furnishings. Additionally, we provide support in designing the new structure, offering technical guidance during the building process, and connecting clients with local contractors and carpenters who are able to rebuild kominka.

Are there many considerations or issues regarding planning permission for these old structures?

Yes and no. For structures under 200 square feet that will not be used as living spaces, are not connected to utilities, and are located in rural areas, the process can be relatively straightforward. However, for residential or commercial structures, the requirements depend on the location, size of the kominka, and its intended use. Our team has experience with designing and building kominka and will provide guidance throughout all stages of the project.

Do you have details of kominka that will be torn down and kominka frames that are in storage.?

Yes! Both can be found here on our website and will be updated regularly. Structures that are going to be torn down are here, kominka frames are here, and, additionally, information about kominka studios is here. If you do not see what you are looking for, please get in touch!

Are the import and export procedures complicated?

Thanks to our experience and partnerships with reliable freight forwarders, the process is straightforward. We handle the required paperwork and ensure everything is compliant with regulations, making it as smooth as possible for our clients.

What is involved in shipping a kominka overseas?

A kominka frame, materials, and some furnishings will often fit in one 40' container, although a large structure may require two containers. Time-wise, as an example, shipping to the West Coast of the United States takes roughly two weeks..

How are issues related to differences in climate handled?

Japan's diverse climate has shaped the design and construction of kominka to withstand specific regional conditions, such as high humidity or heavy snow. When relocating a kominka overseas, we carefully consider climate differences during the design process to ensure the structure remains comfortable and durable in its new environment.

What types of support does the Kominka Collective not provide?

While we are knowledgeable about the process and can offer guidance regarding planning permission, the preparation and submission of required documents to local planning offices must be handled by a qualified professional in your region.

Can the Kominka Collective help us to import part of a kominka, reclaimed beams & other materials, or traditional furnishings?

Absolutely, yes. There are many such items in stock here in the Toda Storerooms in Aichi Prefecture. Let us know what you are interested in and we will do our best to find it.

Can the design of a reclaimed kominka be changed?

Absolutely, yes. Although a kominka can be rebuilt using its original layout and design, there is remarkable flexibility within the frame structure. For example:

Rooms can be reconfigured.
Two or more kominka can be combined into one larger structure.
Beams from one kominka can be incorporated into another to add additional floors.

This flexibility allows for creative and functional adaptations to suit modern needs while preserving the structure’s traditional charm.

Can you provide traditional furnishings, such as shoji, tansu, ranma, ceramic roof tiles, tatami, and other items?

Absolutely, yes! We do not yet have a catalogue of what items are in stock prepared yet - it is on our "to do" list - but the Toda Komuten storerooms are chock full of these and other treasures.

How long will it take to reassemble the kominka frame and complete the structure once it is at the building site?

Raising the kominka frame may take one or two days.. Other parts of the project will vary depending on the sixe of the structure and the scope of the project.

What are the types and sizes of kominka that can be relocated overseas?

Kominka vary widely in appearance and structure, depending on the region they come from. We have access to a range of options, from single-room structures to expansive 3,000-square-foot homes. With the help of our extensive network, we work to save and relocate kominka of all sizes and styles.

Article 1: What Are Kominka?

Kominka are traditional Japanese farmhouses, typically defined as structures built at least 50 years ago, with many predating the Taisho Period (1912–1926). While no single, strict definition exists, kominka are celebrated for their craftsmanship, use of local materials, and ability to harmonize with their surrounding environment. These homes stand as cultural artifacts, reflecting Japan’s architectural traditions, rural lifestyles, and respect for nature. Architectural Features 1.Materials: Kominka were built using high-quality, locally sourced wood, including pine, cedar, zelkova, sakura (cherry wood), chestnut, and Japanese cypress (hinoki). These woods were chosen for their strength, resilience, and beauty – and availability in the local area. Each component was meticulously crafted and fitted without the use of nails, relying instead on Japanese timber framing techniques (known as joinery) that emphasize interlocking joints. 2.Structure: Broad Beams and Posts: One of the defining features of kominka is the use of massive beams and sturdy posts that support the structure. These components give the house its strength and lend a sense of rustic grandeur. Timber Framing: Japanese timber framing, also used in temples and shrines, is renowned for its structural integrity, maintainability, and aesthetic appeal. This method ensures that kominka can endure natural disasters such as earthquakes, while also being relatively easy to repair or adapt over time. 3.Roof Design: Kominka roofs are typically either ceramic tiled (kawara) or thatched (kayabuki). Tiled roofs are more common in regions with heavy rains, as they provide excellent water resistance, while thatched roofs are prevalent in areas with colder climates due to their insulating properties. Roofs often have steep slopes to shed snow or rain, a practical design reflecting Japan's diverse weather conditions. 4.Interior Design: Tatami Flooring: Traditional kominka interiors feature tatami mats, which are not only functional but also contribute to a serene and natural aesthetic. Shoji and Fusuma: Sliding doors and partitions made of wood and paper (shoji) or wood and cloth (fusuma) create flexible spaces that can be adjusted as needed. Irori (Hearth): Many kominka have a central hearth (irori), used for cooking and heating, which also serves as a social and cultural focal point of the home. Exposed Beams: While low ceilings are a characteristic feature, exposing the massive wooden beams during renovations has become a popular way to showcase the home’s architectural beauty. Cultural and Historical Significance Kominka were more than just residences; they were an integral part of Japan’s rural culture and agricultural lifestyle. Built by skilled local carpenters using traditional methods passed down through generations, each kominka reflects the unique character of its region. For example: Kyo-machiya (Kyoto townhouses): A style of kominka found in Kyoto, designed for both residential and commercial use, often featuring narrow facades and deep layouts. Gassho-zukuri Farmhouses (Shirakawa-go): Thatched-roof kominka in the mountains, designed to withstand heavy snowfalls, with steep, triangular roofs resembling hands in prayer (gassho). Advantages of Japanese Timber Framing 1.Durability: Many kominka have stood for centuries, thanks to their robust design and the resilience of materials like hinoki and zelkova, which resist pests and decay. 2.Earthquake Resistance: The interlocking joints of timber framing allow the structure to flex during seismic activity, preventing collapse. 3.Sustainability: This method avoids the use of synthetic materials or metal fasteners, emphasizing renewable and biodegradable resources. 4.Aesthetic Appeal: The visible wooden framework, intricate joinery, and natural materials give kominka their timeless, understated elegance.

Article 2: Why are kominka often vacant or at risk of being torn down?

Although no doubt many people appreciate the unique charateristics of kominka – the use of wood, the skills with which they were made, the beauty of the beams, posts, and joinery, and a range of other aspects – there is also perhaps a collective memory in Japan of kominka as being dark, wet, cold, hot, populated by insects (especially in the countryside), and difficult (and in modern times, expensive) to maintain. The decline in their popularity is most likely linked to several interelated factors. Changing times and changing lifestlyes: Many young people have left the countryside for the cities and are now living as nuclear families, and they are no longer able to take over the old houses. Related to this, Japan is facing a decline in its population and at the same time, against a backdrop of a move away from agricultural related work, people are moving from rural to urban areas. As the population ages, some people living in kominka do not have heirs to pass the home to – or heirs prefer not to live in and maintain the home if it is left to them. While there certainly are kominka in urban areas – especially as cities have come to envelope some rural areas – areas which have the highest number of vacant (akiya) kominka are those that are experiencing depopulation and are not likely to be able to be able to attract people – and especially young people – to the area in numbers that will make a difference in terms of people moving back into kominka and repairing and maintaining them. This is not to say there is not something of a “slow life” movement happending in Japan. There is – but the number of people who are moving to the countryside and perhaps living in kominka is not keeping pace with the depopulation of rural areas. Changes in laws and economic factors: New building standards were enacted in 1950, and since then, earthquake resistance standards have been strengthened. As a result, old houses have been demolished and replaced with new buildings built using new construction methods - and it is economically cheaper to rebuild new. Against this backdrop, many kominka have been damaged over the years, and are unsafe against earthquakes and other disasters due to the presence of insect damage and other undesirable elements. Seismic reinforcement work to strengthen these buildings and keep them in use is possible, but this incurs significant cost. Therefore, many owners have decided to demolish their kominka and rebuild. Morever, only a few banks offer loans to purchase kominka. And, while there are various financial incentives and initiatives offered by various government offices and other organizations to renovate and maintain kominka, they vary by area, are perhaps somewhat difficult to find information about - and may change from year to year. A decrease in the number of skilled professionals: Many kominka were built before the new construction standards and in a style unique to Japan. Therefore, no nails, bolts, or metal were used for pillars, beams, etc., and pillars under the floor were built directly on stone. Related to this, new construction methods no longer necessarily require skilled carpenters as in the past, and the number of carpenters has been drastically reduced. The lack of skilled carpenters needed to restore and continue to use old private homes is one reason why maintaining and restoring them has become more difficult.

Article 3: Is it unethical or a form of cultural expropriation to relocate built cultural heritage from Japan overseas?

This is a question to which we have devoted a great deal of thought. The structures that we disassemble and relocate are only those that are going to be destroyed. We believe strongly that, of course, it is best that kominka and other traditional structures remain in their community of orgin, if at all possible. When the structures are going to be demolished, however, saving as much of the kominka and its furnishings as possible seems a way to honor the structure, the craftspeople who built it, and the individuals who lived in it. The owners of kominka that are going to be torn down have told us, without exception, that they are grateful their home will be given a second life in another country. That said, the ethics of relocating Japanese farmhouses and other structures from Japan to overseas is a nuanced topic, which hinges on various factors, including intent, cultural sensitivity, and the broader context of preserving cultural heritage. In considering the issue, several points are pertinent: 1. Preservation vs. Loss If a kominka is at risk of demolition or abandonment and its relocation ensures its survival, this can be viewed as an ethical way to preserve cultural heritage that would otherwise be lost. 2. Cultural Sensitivity Relocating kominka should be done with respect for the cultural and historical importance of these structures. Efforts to preserve and highlight their original cultural meaning (e.g., educating new owners or visitors about the structure's Japanese heritage) can mitigate concerns about cultural expropriation. Without such efforts, the act could be viewed as commodifying Japanese culture for aesthetic or commercial gain, which might feel disrespectful to some. 3. Local Japanese Perspectives Support for Relocation: Many Japanese rural areas face depopulation, leading to abandoned homes that local governments and communities struggle to maintain. Relocation, in this case, can be seen as a practical way to ensure these houses are preserved. 4. Economic and Cultural Context Japan has a complex relationship with its rural heritage. While some structures are highly valued, others are neglected due to depopulation and modernization. The ethical dilemma often lies in whether the structure's relocation adds value to its preservation or detracts from the cultural fabric of rural Japan. 5. Ethical Relocation Practices To make the relocation of kominka ethical, we do the following: Engage Local Communities: Collaborate with Japanese craftspeople, historians, and architects to ensure the house is dismantled and reassembled in a culturally respectful manner. Educate and Preserve: Share the history and cultural significance of the kominka in its new location, ensuring it serves as a bridge to Japanese culture rather than merely a decorative piece. Focus on Sustainability: Use the relocation as an opportunity to highlight the challenges rural Japan faces, such as depopulation and the loss of traditional crafts, and support ongoing cultural exchange.

Article 4: How are kominka disassembled and reassembled?

The Disassembling Process When we learn that a kominka is going to be demolished, Toda Komuten first evaluates the wood to assess if they can use the materials in new or existing structures. If they determine that the house is still viable, before dismantling the house, they number and document all the beams and posts so that they can be reassembled later at the site of their new home. The house is then carefully taken apart. The next step is to take all the beams, posts, ceramic roof tiles, shoji screens, and other materials to the workshop where each piece is cleaned, polished, and repairs are made, if needed. Master carpenters then pre-assemble the structure in the workshop and make any necessary modifications. As the house will have settled over the years, minor changes to length or height may be needed for some materials. This step is therefore important to ensure that the house fits structurally and that its reconstruction at its new location in another country is straightforward and problem-free. The parts of the house are then packed into wooden crates and shipped to their destination.

The Reassembling Process Reconstructed folk houses are reassembled using Japanese timber framing and all-wood joints. And, as all the materials are numbered and documented during the disassembly process, the assembly process is in a sense akin to putting together a very old wooden model. However, although reconstructed kominka maintain the beautiful aesthetic Japanese folk houses are known for, they are built in strict accordance with local building codes and regulations. Komika are, by design, open and well ventilated, causing them to be cold in the winter. Therefore, reconstructed folk houses are also designed and built to be warm and to have state-of-the-art energy efficiency. In keeping with our mission to not waste any of the kominka's wood, some materials can be incorporated creatively into new and existing structures and landscapes. It is traditional, for example, for komika to have low ceilings, which means that the incredible beams and posts may have been out of view for a hundred years or more. In a reconstructed kominka with the beautiful beams exposed, wood from the ceiling may used in other ways, such as wainscoating.

The Dismantling Process

The Reassembling Process

Completed Houses

Article 5: For those interested in finding Is it difficult for people with little or no background in Japanese culture and language to purchase a kominka and become part of a rural community in this country?

While it is challenging, it’s not impossible for foreigners to purchase and integrate into rural Japan. With preparation, openness to cultural differences, and a commitment to learning the language and customs, many have successfully made this transition. The unique experience of living in a kominka and being part of a rural Japanese community can be deeply rewarding for those who embrace the journey. 1. Language Barrier Many rural property transactions and interactions require fluency in Japanese, as English is rarely used in these areas. Legal documents, contracts, and government procedures for purchasing property are typically in Japanese. 2. Cultural Understanding Rural communities in Japan are often close-knit and may have long-standing traditions and social norms. Building trust and becoming part of the community can take time. There may be expectations about participation in community events, maintaining the property in a certain way, or adhering to local customs. 3. Legal and Bureaucratic Hurdles Foreigners may face challenges understanding the legal framework for buying property in Japan, including taxes, inheritance laws, and regulations specific to kominka houses. Some properties are classified as abandoned (akiya) and may come with hidden liabilities, such as unpaid taxes or unclear ownership. 4. Kominka Renovation Costs Many kominka are old and require significant renovations to make them livable. The costs can be high, especially if traditional techniques and materials are used to preserve the aesthetic. Finding skilled craftsmen familiar with traditional architecture may be difficult. 5. Community Integration Rural communities may initially view outsiders with caution. Building relationships requires consistent effort, participation in community life, and respect for local norms. Solutions and Strategies 1. Learn Japanese Investing in learning the language, even at a conversational level, will greatly enhance communication and facilitate interactions with locals and government offices. Consider hiring a translator or property specialist familiar with such transactions. 2. Engage a Real Estate Specialist Work with agencies or professionals specializing in rural properties or kominka houses. Some organizations cater specifically to foreign buyers, simplifying the process. 3. Understand Legal and Financial Aspects Consult with a lawyer or property consultant to ensure compliance with Japanese property laws and understand the full scope of any liabilities associated with the house. Investigate government grants and subsidies that might be available for rural revitalization or kominka renovations. 4. Be Patient and Proactive Spend time in the community before purchasing. Renting a property in the area can help you gauge the lifestyle and build relationships. Participate in local events and demonstrate genuine interest in the culture. 5. Prepare for Renovation and Maintenance Factor in the costs of earthquake retrofitting, plumbing, insulation, and roofing when budgeting. Look into subsidies for renovating traditional homes, as the Japanese government often supports rural revitalization efforts. 6. Respect Local Customs Observe and follow community norms. Showing respect and willingness to adapt can go a long way in gaining acceptance.

Contact us to learn about relocating a reclaimed kominka or materials overseas or for advice about finding a kominka in Japan

contact@kominkacollective.com

Kominka Collective North America

TEL (1)-541-398-1088

68600 Warnock Rd, Lostine,

OR 97857

Kominka Collective Japan

WhatsApp/TEL (81)-080-7234-8245 (English & Japanese

WhatsApp/TEL (81)-090-5627-6043

(English & Japanese)

3-20-4 Asahidai, Owariasahi,

Aichi, Japan 488-0001

The Kominka Collective's mission is to save Japanese kominka folk houses and other traditional structures while preserving Japanese building arts. We are a not-for-profit company.
一般社団法人 Kominka Collective